Factores de riesgo y protección en el microsistema, mesosistema y exosistema y su influencia en el desarrollo socioemocional infantil

Abstract

Scientific investigations about the first years of a child's life have shown that, in this evolutionary stage, at these ages, the bases of integral human development are structured; understood in a broad sense, as the development of all areas of growth: perceptual, linguistic, physical, mental and socio-emotional. During these years, there are risk and protective factors that affect their socio-emotional development in ecological environments related to the child. The objective of this research was to determine those factors in the microsystem, mesosystem and exosystem, which affect the socio-emotional development of children who attend the Maternal and Child Recreation and Stimulation Program, based on the proposal of the Theory Ecological of Bronfenbrenner. The methodology used had a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological and social modality; the techniques used were the interview and observation; A case study was also carried out, a self-elaborated questionnaire and an observation log were used, and the risk and protection factors were coded to indicate the concept of each one of them. The participating subjects were four children of one and three years of age, parents, teachers and administrators. The contextual characteristics corresponded to an area of economic and social vulnerability in the south of Guayaquil. As the main finding, the protective factors with the highest incidence in the socioemotional development of children were identified, which correspond to the codes: socio-emotional support of an adult and affection; and the risk factors related to codes: community, crime and community conflictive. Which revealed the importance of the presence of an adult to give emotional support, generally the mother; its influence is reflected in the child's relationships with others, in the present and in his adult life. Keywords: PROTECTION FACTORS, RISK FACTORS, SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOP.