Prácticas de crianza y factores maternales relacionados con el desarrollo socioemocional de niños de 18 meses de edad, en familias diversas de Guayaquil, Quito, el Carmen y Loja

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze parenting practices and maternal factors related to the socioemotional development of 18-month-old children, based on a study sample conducted in the cities of Guayaquil, Quito, El Carmen and Loja Among the parenting practices identified for the present investigation were: routine, discipline and narratives. And among the maternal factors that were analyzed to determine their influence on the development of children, we can mention the mother's education, the family's income and risk factors, such as depression, mother's stress and domestic violence; these last ones evaluated also in consideration with the social-emotional development of the children. The present study used various measurement and evaluation instruments, such as the Bayley Scale of Child Development III (BSID-III), the questionnaire based on the Multiple Indicator Group Survey (MICS). acronyms in English), those related to household members (mother and child); the Scale for Depression (CES-D, for its acronym in English), a questionnaire on domestic violence, a questionnaire on the Index of Parental Stress (PSI). These instruments were applied to a sample of 100 families with children of 18 months. This research had a quantitative dimension, and in order to assess its results, correlational and descriptive methods were used, which facilitated the assessment of the relationships between the study variables. The results of the analyzed sample confirmed that there is a correlation between the factors of upbringing and the socio-emotional development of the infant. It was also determined that the children of mothers with a high level of education and better economic income have better results in terms of socio-emotional development.